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3-D Printing Optical Fiber

Molly Moser X Researchers used 3-D printing to make preforms for a step-index fiber (a) and a structured preform (b). These preforms were then placed in a draw tower (right) to make the final optical fiber. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] The entire global telecommunications network, not to mention the ever-expanding Internet-of-Things (IOT), is tied together with string—silica optical fiber. Manufacturing this crucial connector is a laborious process, one that a research team in Australia believes it may have re-invented. Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales have demonstrated a way to 3-D print a glass preform for fabricating glass optical fiber (Opt. Lett., doi: 10.1364/OL.44.005358). This method, according to the team, simplifies fiber production as well as enabling both novel fiber designs and applications. The art of drawing fiber Silica optical fiber has a multitude of applications, but it’s expensive and labor-intensive to make. It comprises two parts: the fiber core that carries light, and the cladding that traps the light in the core as it travels through the fiber. In order to minimize loss and keep the light trapped in the core, the fiber core must have a higher refractive index than the fiber cladding. Conventional methods of constructing the preform through which optical fiber can be drawn require spinning a hollow tube of glass with a carefully controlled refractive index profile on a lathe over a heat source. It’s essential that the fiber geometry is precisely centered during this process. 3-D printing the preform instead is thus a very attractive alternative—one that several members of the Australian team have been working toward for a while. Several years ago, the team successfully demonstrated the first fiber drawn from a 3-D-printed polymer preform. Applying this additive-manufacturing technique to glass, however, presents a tricky manufacturing challenge, as 3-D printing glass requires temperatures of more than 1900 °C. Researchers shone green light through the final optical fiber and measured loss. The orange inset shows a fiber cross-section. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] Printing glass To apply the approach to glass, the team behind the latest study added silica nanoparticles into the photo-curable resin. The researchers then used direct-light projection (DLP) to 3-D print the cladding preform with UV light at 385 nm, and poured a clever mixture of polymer and silica nanoparticles—this time doped with germanosilicate—into the hollow, cylindrical preform. The addition of the germanosilicate to the core resin upped the refractive index. To overcome the heat quandary, the researchers applied a thermal debinding process. The debinding sloughs off the polymer and other impurities, leaving the silica nanoparticles behind, which are held together by intermolecular forces. Kicking up the heat even more, the researchers then fused the nanoparticles into a solid structure that could be inserted into a draw tower to be molded into the optical fiber. According to the team, the end result was the first silica fibers drawn from 3-D-printed preforms. Scattering and next steps To test the quality of the first-of-its-kind fiber, the researchers shone 532-nm green light through 2 meters of both single-mode and multimode fiber—and measured significant loss. But while the team concedes that there is “considerable scope to improve the transmission properties of this fiber,” the researchers also believe that the relative ease with which the fiber was created could make the technique a game changer for future fiber fabrication. In particular, the team suspects that this new method could enable the production of incredibly complex multicore and multi-shaped fiber designs for previously unrealizable applications. According to a press release accompanying the work, the researchers are interested in partnering with a fiber manufacturer to improve and eventually commercialize the technology.

75 Ω digital distribution frame and unit

Release time：

2022-12-20 10:41

75Ω digital distribution frame and unit

PCT digital distribution frame includes L9, C6, C3 series products with characteristic impedance of 75Ω. It is suitable for the wiring connection between digital multiplexing equipment between 2-155Mbit/s (2-34Mbit/s for C6 series), digital multiplexing equipment and program-controlled switching equipment, and can realize the scheduling, transmission and testing of digital signals.

Operating Environment
■ Temperature: -5℃～+40℃
■ Relative Humidity: ≤85% (+30℃)
■ Atmospheric Pressure: 70Kpa～106Kpa

Technical Specifications
Electrical Performance
■ Characteristic Impedance: 75Ω
■ Working Rate: 2～155 Mbit/s ; 2～34 Mbit/s (C6 series)
■ Contact resistance: Outer conductor: ≤2.5mΩ
Inner conductor: ≤5 mΩ
■ Insulation resistance: ≥1000MΩ (DC 500V±50V)
■ Dielectric strength: 50Hz, AC ≥1000V, Duration of 1 minute, no breakdown, no flashover
Crosstalk protection between loops: ≥70dB (50KHz～233MHz)
≥70dB (50KHz～51MHz) (C6 series)
Insertion loss: ≤0.3 dB (50KHz～ 233MHz)
≤0.3 dB (50KHz～51MHz) (C6 series)
Return loss: ≥18dB (50KHz～233MHz)
≥18dB (50KHz～51MHz) (C6 series)

Mechanical properties
Pull-off force:＞50N Breakaway
force: 2.2 -10N (no locking) ;2.2-20N (C6 series)
■ Mechanical durability: more than 500 mating and unplugging

coaxial connector materials
■ Conductor elastic material: beryllium bronze or tin bronze
■ Contact area of inner and outer conductors: nickel plating in the middle, then gold-cobalt alloy plating
■ Insulation material: PTFE

· L9 series digital distribution frame

MPX-P02-SM2　MPX-P02-SM3　MPX-P02-SM4　MPX-P02-SM5　MPX-P02-SM6　MPX-P02-SM7

High - quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open or closed structure
. Single-sided copper-clad laminate (nickel-plated surface) is used to connect the outer conductor of the coaxial connector. The user only needs to connect the ground wire to the frame ground copper strip to complete all external The shielding grounding of the conductor has a good, independent and reliable working ground and protective ground system
. The coaxial connector is 75Ω SIMENS type. The plug and socket adopt a threaded connection structure, which is stable and reliable. The connection between the coaxial socket and the coaxial cable uses an inner conductor Welding, crimping of outer conductor Gold
- plated 75Ω coaxial connector, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

· C6 series digital distribution frame

MPX-P02-FS

· High- quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open structure
· Using single-sided copper clad plate (nickel-plated surface) to connect the outer conductor of the coaxial connector, the user only needs to connect the grounding wire with the frame grounding copper bar to complete the shielding of all outer conductors Grounding, with a good, independent and reliable working ground and protection ground system
. The coaxial connector is 75Ω SIMENS type. The plug and socket adopt a threaded connection structure, which is stable and reliable. The connection between the coaxial socket and the coaxial cable Conductor crimping method Optional L9, C6 series gold - plated 75Ω coaxial connectors, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

· C3 series digital distribution frame

MPX-P02-AT3　MPX-P02-AT4

· High- quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open structure.
· Adopt unit structure, stainless steel mounting panel, directly connected with the outer conductor of the terminal,
reliable grounding
· C3 series gold-plated 75Ω coaxial connectors are AT&T type, with snap spring locking structure.
Gold - plated 75Ω coaxial connector, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

· 75Ω digital wiring unit

19SMDY-P04　19FSDY-P01H　19FSDY-P01L

· 19″ flush installation, suitable for 19″ network cabinets
· Optional L9, C6 series gold- plated 75Ω coaxial connectors, low contact resistance, reliable insertion and
removal The outer conductor of the connector, the user only needs to connect the grounding wire with the frame grounding copper bar to complete the shielding grounding of all outer conductors, with a good, independent and reliable working ground and protection ground system
. The unit body can be turned down 90° or 180° for easy cable termination

Splitter, Splitter Box and Module

Outdoor passive optical branching distribution center

Splitter, Splitter Box and Module

Outdoor passive optical branching distribution center

Address: Pinghu Industrial Zone, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel：+ 86-755-84671906，+ 86-755-84671101

Fax：+ 86-755-84671103

E-mail：szpct@vip.163.com，salesoffice@pct.net.cn

website：http：//www.pct.net.cn

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