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3-D Printing Optical Fiber

Molly Moser X Researchers used 3-D printing to make preforms for a step-index fiber (a) and a structured preform (b). These preforms were then placed in a draw tower (right) to make the final optical fiber. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] The entire global telecommunications network, not to mention the ever-expanding Internet-of-Things (IOT), is tied together with string—silica optical fiber. Manufacturing this crucial connector is a laborious process, one that a research team in Australia believes it may have re-invented. Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales have demonstrated a way to 3-D print a glass preform for fabricating glass optical fiber (Opt. Lett., doi: 10.1364/OL.44.005358). This method, according to the team, simplifies fiber production as well as enabling both novel fiber designs and applications. The art of drawing fiber Silica optical fiber has a multitude of applications, but it’s expensive and labor-intensive to make. It comprises two parts: the fiber core that carries light, and the cladding that traps the light in the core as it travels through the fiber. In order to minimize loss and keep the light trapped in the core, the fiber core must have a higher refractive index than the fiber cladding. Conventional methods of constructing the preform through which optical fiber can be drawn require spinning a hollow tube of glass with a carefully controlled refractive index profile on a lathe over a heat source. It’s essential that the fiber geometry is precisely centered during this process. 3-D printing the preform instead is thus a very attractive alternative—one that several members of the Australian team have been working toward for a while. Several years ago, the team successfully demonstrated the first fiber drawn from a 3-D-printed polymer preform. Applying this additive-manufacturing technique to glass, however, presents a tricky manufacturing challenge, as 3-D printing glass requires temperatures of more than 1900 °C. Researchers shone green light through the final optical fiber and measured loss. The orange inset shows a fiber cross-section. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] Printing glass To apply the approach to glass, the team behind the latest study added silica nanoparticles into the photo-curable resin. The researchers then used direct-light projection (DLP) to 3-D print the cladding preform with UV light at 385 nm, and poured a clever mixture of polymer and silica nanoparticles—this time doped with germanosilicate—into the hollow, cylindrical preform. The addition of the germanosilicate to the core resin upped the refractive index. To overcome the heat quandary, the researchers applied a thermal debinding process. The debinding sloughs off the polymer and other impurities, leaving the silica nanoparticles behind, which are held together by intermolecular forces. Kicking up the heat even more, the researchers then fused the nanoparticles into a solid structure that could be inserted into a draw tower to be molded into the optical fiber. According to the team, the end result was the first silica fibers drawn from 3-D-printed preforms. Scattering and next steps To test the quality of the first-of-its-kind fiber, the researchers shone 532-nm green light through 2 meters of both single-mode and multimode fiber—and measured significant loss. But while the team concedes that there is “considerable scope to improve the transmission properties of this fiber,” the researchers also believe that the relative ease with which the fiber was created could make the technique a game changer for future fiber fabrication. In particular, the team suspects that this new method could enable the production of incredibly complex multicore and multi-shaped fiber designs for previously unrealizable applications. According to a press release accompanying the work, the researchers are interested in partnering with a fiber manufacturer to improve and eventually commercialize the technology.

Optical cable components and optical fiber connection solutions

Release time：

2022-12-20 10:36

Optical Cable Assemblies and Fiber Optic Connectivity Solutions

With 11 years of experience in the optical fiber manufacturing and processing industry, our products range from single-core and multi-core jumpers to connectors, attenuators, adapters and fusion protection sleeves and other components. We also have more distinctive on-site quick connectors and drop cable products for FTTH. Baiye is your best choice!

· Jumper wires and multi-core optical cable assemblies

Single- core jumper Double- 　core jumper 　Multi-core distribution indoor cable assembly (4-48) (16-144) 　Multi-core branch indoor cable assembly (4-12) (16-72) 　Ribbon cable assembly 　Waterproof tail cable assembly

With fast response time and competitive price, Boye has always been committed to providing customers with industry-leading product performance and customized application requirements. After 100% optical testing, our pigtails and optical cable components have excellent performance indicators; the geometric end face of the connector is controlled by advanced polishing technology and end face cleaning system. It is suitable for various types of connectors and optical cables using high-quality Material, Corning single-mode optical cable and YOFC multi-mode optical cable The product serial number is clearly marked on the outer packaging of each jumper, and contains the insertion loss and return loss values obtained from specific tests. The product can be traced back to its specific Production date, materials used and processing technology

Performance:

Single-mode UPC	FC/SC/ST/E2000	LC	IN
Insertion Loss (Max) (1310& 1550nm) (dB)	0.3	0.3	50
Return loss (min) (1310&1550nm) (dB)	50	50	50
Concave amount (nm)	-100~+50	-100~+50	-100~+50
Spherical eccentricity (maximum value) (μm)	50	50	50
Radius of curvature (mm)	10~25	10~25	10~25
Single-mode APC	FC/SC/E2000	LC	BURN BURN
Insertion Loss (Maximum) (1310&1550nm) (dB)	0.3	0.3	0.3
Return loss (min) (1310&1550nm) (dB)	60	60	60
Return loss (min) (1310&1550nm) (dB)	5~15	5~15	5~15
Concave amount (nm)	-100 ~ +50	-100 ~ +50	-100 ~ +50
Eccentricity (Maximum) (μm)	50	50	50
Slope Angle(°)	8±0.2	8±0.2	8±0.2
Multimode PC	FC/SC/ST	LC	MTR
Insertion loss (max) (1310nm) (dB)	0.3	0.3	0.5

Note:
1. Insertion loss and return loss are 100% tested for all connectors.
2. For the amount of concavity and radius of curvature, it belongs to process control and random inspection is carried out.

· Adapter

Boye offers a variety of stand-alone adapter panels and adapters for wall and rack mounting, as well as complete blank panels. ( Figure )
Boye can provide a variety of standard adapters for single-mode SC, FC, LC, MU and ST, MTRJ connectors, for multi-mode ST, MTRJ, FC, SC and LC connectors, and can also provide FC-SC, ST-SC, FC-ST, LC-SC and other hybrid adapters. ( Figure )
SM standard adapter adopts ZrO2 sleeve, MM adopts phosphor bronze sleeve.
100% strictly tested to guarantee its performance.

· Attenuator

Flange type attenuator One male and one female type attenuator Online type attenuator　　

· Used for attenuation of optical passive signals
· Protect equipment from redundant optical signals
· There are three structures: flange type, one male and one female type, and online type
· Strictly tested to meet the needs of optical networks

· On-site quick connector and leather cable

　Field quick connector for armored leather cable

· Various accessories

Connector/Adapter Cleaning Kit 　Splice Protection Sleeve 　Splice Tab, Splice Tray

Boye can provide connector/adapter cleaning kits, fusion protection sleeves, fusion sheets, fusion trays and other accessories used in optical equipment.

Optical Distribution Frame Solution (ODF)

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Optical Distribution Frame Solution (ODF)

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Address: Pinghu Industrial Zone, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel：+ 86-755-84671906，+ 86-755-84671101

Fax：+ 86-755-84671103

E-mail：szpct@vip.163.com，salesoffice@pct.net.cn

website：http：//www.pct.net.cn

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