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Molly Moser X Researchers used 3-D printing to make preforms for a step-index fiber (a) and a structured preform (b). These preforms were then placed in a draw tower (right) to make the final optical fiber. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] The entire global telecommunications network, not to mention the ever-expanding Internet-of-Things (IOT), is tied together with string—silica optical fiber. Manufacturing this crucial connector is a laborious process, one that a research team in Australia believes it may have re-invented. Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales have demonstrated a way to 3-D print a glass preform for fabricating glass optical fiber (Opt. Lett., doi: 10.1364/OL.44.005358). This method, according to the team, simplifies fiber production as well as enabling both novel fiber designs and applications. The art of drawing fiber Silica optical fiber has a multitude of applications, but it’s expensive and labor-intensive to make. It comprises two parts: the fiber core that carries light, and the cladding that traps the light in the core as it travels through the fiber. In order to minimize loss and keep the light trapped in the core, the fiber core must have a higher refractive index than the fiber cladding. Conventional methods of constructing the preform through which optical fiber can be drawn require spinning a hollow tube of glass with a carefully controlled refractive index profile on a lathe over a heat source. It’s essential that the fiber geometry is precisely centered during this process. 3-D printing the preform instead is thus a very attractive alternative—one that several members of the Australian team have been working toward for a while. Several years ago, the team successfully demonstrated the first fiber drawn from a 3-D-printed polymer preform. Applying this additive-manufacturing technique to glass, however, presents a tricky manufacturing challenge, as 3-D printing glass requires temperatures of more than 1900 °C. Researchers shone green light through the final optical fiber and measured loss. The orange inset shows a fiber cross-section. [Image: John Canning, University of Technology Sydney] Printing glass To apply the approach to glass, the team behind the latest study added silica nanoparticles into the photo-curable resin. The researchers then used direct-light projection (DLP) to 3-D print the cladding preform with UV light at 385 nm, and poured a clever mixture of polymer and silica nanoparticles—this time doped with germanosilicate—into the hollow, cylindrical preform. The addition of the germanosilicate to the core resin upped the refractive index. To overcome the heat quandary, the researchers applied a thermal debinding process. The debinding sloughs off the polymer and other impurities, leaving the silica nanoparticles behind, which are held together by intermolecular forces. Kicking up the heat even more, the researchers then fused the nanoparticles into a solid structure that could be inserted into a draw tower to be molded into the optical fiber. According to the team, the end result was the first silica fibers drawn from 3-D-printed preforms. Scattering and next steps To test the quality of the first-of-its-kind fiber, the researchers shone 532-nm green light through 2 meters of both single-mode and multimode fiber—and measured significant loss. But while the team concedes that there is “considerable scope to improve the transmission properties of this fiber,” the researchers also believe that the relative ease with which the fiber was created could make the technique a game changer for future fiber fabrication. In particular, the team suspects that this new method could enable the production of incredibly complex multicore and multi-shaped fiber designs for previously unrealizable applications. According to a press release accompanying the work, the researchers are interested in partnering with a fiber manufacturer to improve and eventually commercialize the technology.

5G Is Coming, and It’s Fortified With Fiber

The next generation of wireless tech, 5G, promises a frictionless future: We'll be able to do whatever we do on our phones much, much faster, and more devices can come online without slowing down the works. Self-driving cars, smart meters that track electricity usage, and health-monitoring devices may all take a big leap from childhood to adolescence. 5G will happen in the airy realm of radio waves. To get there, big telecoms have to harness underused parts of the spectrum. But there's another crucial part underlying this system: lowly cable. Huge numbers of new transmitters will be needed to relay all that data to your phone, and many of those transmitters will still connect to the internet through fiber-optic cable—glass as thin as strands of hair carrying pulses of light. To make it all work, companies, including OFS Optics, a fiber-optics and cable company, are now being commissioned to produce millions of miles of new cable holding twice as many fiber pairs—two strands, one for the uplink and one for the downlink—as the old stuff. The WIRED Guide to 5G In each cable are the glass fibers, which are unspooled using a device called a payoff machine. At OFS, these machines are massive—6 feet tall, 25 feet long, and 4 feet wide. Color coding lets technicians know which fibers to splice when connecting two cables. When displayed on giant bobbins at the OFS cable factory in Carrollton, Georgia, the fibers create an unintentional artist's palette of yellow, coral, aqua, forest green, and gray. The glass fibers are then laced through weather-resistant buffer tubes and swaddled in strong synthetic aramid yarn to protect the inner workings. The final step of production involves applying a black sheath made of durable polyethylene. A finished fiber-optic cable can be up to 30,000 feet long, or more than 5 miles. Out in the world, these cables may be draped along utility poles or hidden in shallow trenches under city streets. Enormous lengths of cable carry the internet under the oceans between continents. In those places, mostly unseen, they may one day connect your 5G-enabled device and beam you into the future.

Digital distribution frame

Release time：

2022-12-20 10:34

Digital distribution frame

Baiye digital distribution frame includes L9, C6, C3 and other series products with characteristic impedance of 75Ω, which are suitable for digital multiplexing equipment between 2-155Mbit/s (C6 series is 2-34Mbit/s) and digital multiplexing equipment The wiring connection with the program-controlled switching equipment can realize the scheduling, transmission and testing of digital signals.

Conditions of use
■ Temperature: -5℃～+40℃
■ Relative humidity: ≤85% (+30℃)
■ Atmospheric pressure: 70Kpa～106Kpa

Performance :

Electrical performance
Characteristic impedance: 75Ω
■ Working rate: 2～155 Mbit/s; 2～34 Mbit/s (C6 series)
■ Contact resistance: Outer conductor: ≤2.5mΩ
Inner conductor: ≤5 mΩ
■ Insulation resistance: ≥1000MΩ ( DC 500V±50V)
Dielectric strength: 50Hz, AC ≥1000V, duration 1 minute, no breakdown, no arcing
Crosstalk protection between loops: ≥70dB (50KHz～233MHz)
≥70dB ( 50KHz～51MHz) (C6 series)
Insertion loss: ≤0.3 dB (50KHz～233MHz)
≤0.3 dB (50KHz～51MHz) (C6 series)
Return loss: ≥18dB (50KHz～233MHz)
≥18dB (50KHz～51MHz ) (C6 series)

mechanical properties
■ pull-off force: >50N
■ disengagement force: 2.2-10N (without locking) ;2.2-20N (C6 series)
■ mechanical durability: more than 500 times of mating

coaxial connector material
■ conductor elasticity Material: Beryllium copper or tin bronze
Contact area of inner and outer conductors: Nickel plated in the middle, then gold-cobalt alloy plated
Insulation material: PTFE

· L9 series digital distribution frame

MPX-P02A-SM2　MPX-P02A-SM3　MPX-P02A-SM4　MPX-P02-SM5　MPX-P02-SM6　MPX-P02-SM7　

■ High-quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open or closed structure
■ Single-sided copper clad plate (nickel-plated surface) is used to connect the outer conductor of the coaxial connector. The shielding grounding of the conductor has a good, independent and reliable working ground and protective ground system
. The coaxial connector is 75Ω SIMENS type. The plug and the socket adopt a threaded connection structure, which is stable and reliable. The coaxial socket and the coaxial cable are connected by an inner conductor Soldering and crimping of the outer conductor
Optional L9, C6 series gold-plated 75Ω coaxial connectors, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

· C6 Series Digital Distribution Frame

MPX-P02-FS

■ High-quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open structure
■ Single-sided copper-clad laminate (nickel-plated surface) is used to connect the outer conductor of the coaxial connector, and the user only needs to connect the grounding wire to the frame grounding copper strip to complete the shielding of all outer conductors Grounding, with a good, independent and reliable working ground and protective ground system The
coaxial connector is 75Ω SIMENS type, the plug and the socket adopt a threaded connection structure, which is stable and reliable, the connection between the coaxial socket and the coaxial cable is welded by the inner conductor, and the outer conductor is welded. Conductor crimping method
Optional L9, C6 series gold-plated 75Ω coaxial connector, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

· C3 series digital distribution frame

MPX-P02-AT3　MPX-P02-AT4

■ High-quality steel plate, electrostatic spraying, open structure.
■ Unit structure, stainless steel mounting panel, directly connected to the outer conductor of the terminal, reliable grounding
■ Coaxial socket and coaxial cable are connected by welding the inner conductor and crimping the outer conductor
■ The gold-plated 75Ω coaxial connector is AT&T type, with spring locking structure.
■ Gold-plated 75Ω coaxial connector, low contact resistance, reliable plugging and unplugging

75 Ω digital distribution unit

Splitter, Splitter Box and Module

75 Ω digital distribution unit

Splitter, Splitter Box and Module

Address: Pinghu Industrial Zone, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Tel：+ 86-755-84671906，+ 86-755-84671101

Fax：+ 86-755-84671103

E-mail：szpct@vip.163.com，salesoffice@pct.net.cn

website：http：//www.pct.net.cn

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